Hepatitis B Virus Tests

HBV Antibody Tests

Results

Hepatitis B virus tests check for substances in the blood that show a hepatitis infection is active or has occurred in the past. The tests look for antigens or genetic material (DNA) of the virus that causes hepatitis. Some tests also look for antibodies that the body makes against the virus. Normal results of hepatitis virus testing are called negative. This means that no antigens, antibodies, or genetic material related to the hepatitis B virus was found.

Abnormal (positive)

Hepatitis B and D virus tests

Hepatitis B (HBV)

Hepatitis B (HBV) antibodies and/or antigens are detected. Additional tests may be needed to determine whether you have an acute or chronic HBV infection. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) shows an active infection. If the test remains positive for longer than 6 months, this means you are a chronic carrier. You can spread the HBV infection to others. Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) shows the end of active infection and means you are protected against HBV for life. It also can indicate that you received the HBV vaccine. Occasionally the test shows that you have both the HBsAb and HBsAg antibodies. In this case, you are still contagious. Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) shows an active contagious state. HBV DNA testing finds genetic material (DNA) from the hepatitis B virus and means that you have a current infection. Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) shows that you have been infected with HBV. It does not tell the difference between a past or present infection. Hepatitis B core antibody IgM (HBcABIgM) shows an HBV infection that has occurred within the last 6 months. Hepatitis B e-antibody (HBeAb) shows a less active HBV infection. You are less contagious but can still infect others.

Hepatitis D (HDV)

Hepatitis D antibodies are found. But this test cannot tell the difference between an acute and a chronic infection. Hepatitis D can only be present if hepatitis B is present.

 

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Author:	Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS	Last Updated: October 15, 2007
Medical Review:	Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine W. Thomas London, MD - Hepatology
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