Abnormal Pap Test

References

Citations

1. Saslow D, et al. (2002). American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of cervical neoplasia and cancer. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 52(6): 342–362.

2. Hogewoning CJA, et al. (2003). Condom use promotes regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and clearance of human papillomavirus: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Cancer, 107(5): 811–816.

3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2005). Human papillomavirus. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 61. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 104(4): 905–918.

4. Waxman AG (2003). Cervical cytology screening. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 102(2): 417–427.

5. Sawaya GF, et al. (2003). Risk of cervical cancer associated with extending the interval between cervical-cancer screenings. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(16): 1501–1509.

6. Sawaya GF, et al. (2000). The positive predictive value of cervical smears in previously screened postmenopausal women: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Annals of Internal Medicine, 133(12): 942–950.

7. Runowicz CD (2005). Approach to the patient with an abnormal Pap smear. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., ACP Medicine, section 16, chap. 16. New York: WebMD.

8. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2005). Management of abnormal cervical cytology and histology. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 66. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 106(3): 645–664.

9. Melnikow J, et al. (1998). Natural history of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: A meta-analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 92(4): 727–735.

10. Sawaya GF, et al. (2001). Current approaches to cervical-cancer screening. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(21): 1603–1607.

11. Winer RL, et al. (2006). Condom use and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(25): 2645–2654.

12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2006). FDA licenses new vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer and other diseases in females caused by human papillomavirus. FDA News. Available online: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2006/NEW01385.html.

Other Works Consulted

• ASCUS–LSIL Triage Study (ALTS) Group (2003). A randomized trial on the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology interpretations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(6): 1393–1400.

• Bosch FX, et al. (2001). Papillomavirus research update: Highlights of the Barcelona HPV 2000 International Papillomavirus Conference. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54: 163–175.

• Bristow RE, Montz FJ (2001). Workup of the abnormal Pap test. Clinical Cornerstone, 3(1): 12–20.

• Cox JT, et al. (2003). Prospective follow-up suggests similar risk of subsequent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or negative colposcopy and directed biopsy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(6): 1406–1412.

• Cuzick J, et al. (2003). Management of women who test positive for high-risk types of human papillomavirus: The HART study. Lancet, 362 (9399): 1871–1876.

• Guido R, et al. (2003). Postcolposcopy management strategies for women referred with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or human papillomavirus DNA–positive atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: A two-year prospective study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(6): 1401–1405.

• Kulasingam SL, Koutsky LA (2001). Will new human papillomavirus diagnostics improve cervical cancer control efforts? Current Infectious Disease Reports, 3: 169–180.

• Melnikow M, et al. (2002). Management of the low-grade abnormal Pap smear: What are women's preferences? Journal of Family Practice, 51(10): 849–855.

• Wright TC, et al. (2003). 2001 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189(1): 295–304.

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Author:	Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH	Last Updated: January 12, 2007
Medical Review:	Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Medicine Barbara S. Apgar, MD, MS - Family Medicine, Women's Health Ross Berkowitz, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
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